Website Carbon Methodology

Our calculation follows the Sustainable Web Design (SWD) Model, which is the 2026 industry standard for assessing digital emissions. We calculate the energy per page view by analyzing four key segments of the digital supply chain.

System Boundaries

The energy consumed by a single page view is distributed across the following global infrastructure:

Data Center (15%): Energy used for hosting, cooling, and serving website assets.
Core Network (14%): The energy required to move data across the global internet backbone and underwater cables.
Access Network (19%): Energy consumed by local Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and mobile towers to deliver data to the user.
End-user Device (52%): The energy used by the visitor's hardware (laptop, smartphone, or desktop) to render the page.

Key Technical Benchmarks

●Energy Intensity: We assume 0.75 kWh per GB for new visitors. For returning visitors, we apply a caching factor, reducing intensity to 0.15 kWh per GB.
●Carbon Intensity: We do not use a flat global average. We apply specific Grid Carbon Intensity (gCO2e/kWh) values based on the data center region selected in the tool.
●Green Hosting: If a hosting provider is verified to use 100% renewable energy, the "Data Center" segment of the carbon footprint is reduced to zero in our final calculation.

Data Verification

This methodology is reviewed quarterly to ensure compliance with the latest Sustainable Web Design standards and updated regional grid emission factors for the 2026 cycle.